Although this report is not intended to respond directly to the crisis of confidence in policing that can be seen in the United States today, it is nevertheless important to consider how proactive policing strategies may bear upon this crisis.
Instances of perceived or actual police misconduct have given rise to nationwide protests against unfair and abusive police practices. The United States has once again been confronted by a crisis of confidence in policing. Identification of known high-rate offenders and application of strategies to these specific offendersĭevelop approaches that engage the community or that change the way police interact with citizens Scan and analyze crime problems, identify solutions and assess them (SARA model) Identification of crime hot spots and application of focused strategies Prevent and deter specific crimes by targeting known offendersĮnhance collective efficacy and community collaboration with police
Solve recurring problems to prevent future crime
#TORCHLIGHT 2 LIST OF EFFECTS ON TARGET WINDOWS#
Problem-oriented policing, third party policingįocused deterrence repeat offender programs stop, question, and friskĬommunity-oriented policing, procedural justice policing, broken windows policing
Hot spots policing, predictive policing, CCTV Use a problem-oriented approach, which seeks to identify problems as patterns across crime events and then identify the causes of those problemsĭraw upon solutions tailored to the problem causes, with attention to assessmentĬapitalize on the strong concentration of crime among a small proportion of the criminal populationĬapitalize on the resources of communities to identify and control crime TABLE S-1 Four Approaches to Proactive PolicingĬapitalize on the evidence for the concentration of crime at microgeographic places They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. This contrasts with the standard model of policing, which involves an emphasis on reacting to particular crime events after they have occurred, mobilizing resources based on requests coming from outside the police organization, and focusing on the particulars of a given criminal incident. Specifically, the elements of proactivity include an emphasis on prevention, mobilizing resources based on police initiative, and targeting the broader underlying forces at work that may be driving crime and disorder. This report uses the term “proactive policing” to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States.
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